方位和品质对南疆果品空间特性光谱影响及反演方法研究

高光谱无损检测技术在果品定量无损检测中应用广泛,以冬枣、红提、香梨三种果品空间特性光谱为研究目标,探索空间特性光谱的影响因素和反演方法,为提高户外果品无损检测精度提供了一种新思路。分别提取三种果品的光谱库并计算空间特性光谱,依次使用马氏距离、浓度残差等预处理方法以及竞争性自适应权重取样算法选取特征波长,将处理后的三种果品空间特性光谱分别与品质（糖度、水分）和方位（探测角、方位角、相位角）建模,建模结果如下：三种果品（按照冬枣、红提、香梨的顺序）与糖分模型的相关系数r分别为：0.853 3,0.822 7和0.913 3;水分模型的相关系数r分别为：0.741 3,0.784 7和0.891 3;探测角模型相关系数r分别为：0.985 6,0.992 7和0.974 7;方位角模型相关系数r分别为：0.941 8,0.910 5和0.936 9;相位角模型相关系数r分别为：0.960 9,0.957 0和0.956 3。可以看出,不同果品方位模型相关性都明显高于品质模型相关性,因此方位因素是影响空间特性光谱的主要原因。使用Roujean模型和Walthall模型分别对不同方位的空间特性光谱进行反演,反演结果如下：使用Roujean模型反演三种果品（按照冬枣、红提、香梨的顺序）空间特性光谱时R2分别为0.934 4,0.928 1和0.830 6;r分别为0.990 2,0.983 9和0.969 1;RMSEP分别为0.030 9,0.048 7和0.062 7;平均模型误差分别为7.27%,11.02%和8.61%。使用Walthall模型描述不同果品空间特性光谱时R2分别为0.943 3,0.859 7和0.839 0;r分别为0.991 8,0.971 8和0.970 2;RMSEP分别为0.036 6,0.066 1和0.068 7;平均模型误差分别为6.19%,15.40%和7.84%。可以看出,Roujean模型可以很好的描述冬枣和红提的空间特性光谱,也可以较好的描述香梨空间特性光谱;Walthall模型可以很好的描述冬枣空间特性光谱,也可以较好的描述红提和香梨空间特性光谱。综上所述,在今后试验中可以使用Roujean模型反演红提和香梨的空间特性光谱,使用Walthall模型反演冬枣的空间特性光谱,进而提高户外果品户外果品无损检测精度。     

Comparison of absolute magnitude estimation and relative magnitude estimation for judging the subjective intensity of noise and vibration

The method of magnitude estimation is used in psychophysical studies to obtain numerical values for the intensity of perception of environmental stresses (e.g., noise and vibration). The exponent in a power function relating the subjective magnitude of a stimulus (e.g., the degree of discomfort) to the physical magnitude of the stimulus shows the rate of growth of sensations with increasing stimulus magnitude. When judging noise and vibration, there is no basis for deciding whether magnitude estimation should be performed with a reference stimulus (i.e., relative magnitude estimation, RME) or without a reference stimulus (i.e., absolute magnitude estimation, AME). Twenty subjects rated the discomfort caused by thirteen magnitudes of whole-body vertical vibration and 13 levels of noise, by both RME and AME on three occasions. There were high correlations between magnitude estimates of discomfort and the magnitudes of vibration and noise. Both RME and AME provided rates of growth of discomfort with high consistency over the three repetitions. When judging noise, RME was more consistent than AME, with less inter-subject variability in the exponent, n_s. When judging vibration, RME was also more consistent than AME, but with greater inter-subject variability in the exponent, n_v. When judging vibration, AME may be beneficial because sensations caused by the RME reference stimulus may differ (e.g., occur in a different part of the body) from the sensations caused by the stimuli being judged.     

Optical microwave generation using modified sideband injection synchronization with wide line-width lasers for broadband communications

In future generation space based phased arrays and in pico-cellular broadband mobile communication systems operating at microwave frequencies optical techniques for transport and generation of electrical signals are widely used. In general, there are two main classes of optical transmitting and generating microwave frequencies: (1) methods using direct or external intensity modulation of lasers and (2) heterodyning method using two coherent optical waves. The present paper dwells on the second method. The present paper overcomes the major practical limitations of optical sideband injection locking. Simulation results have been given in support of the analytical result.     

The adaptive sinogram restoration algorithm based on anisotropic diffusion by energy minimization for low-dose X-ray CT

Apparent streak artifacts will present in reconstructed images due to excessive quantum noise in low-dose X-ray imaging process. Estimating a noise-free sinogram to satisfy the filtered back-projection (FBP) reconstruction is an effective way to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel sinogram noise reduction method by energy minimization. An adaptive smoothness parameter based on a modified anisotropic diffusion coefficient is applied for an optimal estimation. The smoothness parameter can make the method effectively adjust the degree of smoothness according to the noise level and the region feature in the sinogram. Visual effect together with quantitative analysis of the experimental result shows the developed approach has the excellent performance in protection of the edge and removal of streak artifacts in the reconstructed image.     

No-reference image quality assessment based on noise,blurring and blocking effect

Since existing no-reference image quality assessment (IQA) algorithms are not consistent with subjective assessment, a novel no-reference image quality assessment method is proposed by introducing three types of image distortion, including noise, blur degree and blocking effects. Firstly, the standard deviation of image noise is estimated by modified wavelet medium estimation. Secondly, the blur degree of image is obtained by counting edge pixel points. Thirdly, blocking effect is represented by characteristics of image pixel blocks. Finally, the assessment model is established by combining these three distortion types. Combining the differential mean opinion scores (DMOS) provided in the LIVE IQA database, the weighting coefficients are obtained. The experimental results indicate that these evaluation values of this algorithm not only agree with PSNR in objective assessment, but also are consistent with the DMOS in subjective assessment.     

大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪光谱信噪比研究

大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪获取图谱数据立方体的过程包含干涉仪调制、探测器矩形函数卷积采样和光谱反演,其光谱信噪比评估模型复杂。从光谱能量调制、采样、反演的完整传输过程入手,根据探测器矩形卷积采样原理,采用离散傅里叶变换取实部的光谱反演方法,进行信号与噪声的理论推导,建立了大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪光谱信噪比评估模型。考虑了与波数相关的光学系统透过率、干涉仪分束面效率、探测器量子效率等仪器设计参数和主要电路噪声参数,进行了光谱信噪比仿真计算。利用LASIS仪器进行了光谱信噪比实验测试,测试结果与模型仿真计算结果平均偏差为3.58%,单谱段信噪比趋势基本吻合,验证了评估模型的正确性。评估模型中包含了典型LASIS成像光谱仪由输入光谱辐射到输出光谱数据的各项主要技术环节,在信噪比计算公式中带入干涉仪分束面干涉效率、探测器矩形采样方式等因素对仪器光谱信噪比的影响算子,并利用实际仪器进行了实验验证,对提高LASIS成像光谱仪工程设计水平具有指导意义。     

反卷积波束形成识别电机冷却系噪声辐射路径

为更准确地识别某电机冷却系噪声的辐射路径,基于FFT-NNLS反卷积波束形成方法对其进行试验研究。结果表明:相比于传统波束形成,FFT-NNLS反卷积波束形成能够显著提高分辨率,更准确地识别声源;224 Hz风扇叶片通过频率和400~1200 Hz频段的噪声水平较高,分别占声源计算面总噪声的17.7%和49.1%;冷却液入口是最主要的噪声辐射路径、进气口次之、出气口相对较弱。     

Effects of experimental configuration on the detection threshold of hysteretic elastic nonlinearity

Nonlinear elastic signature of granular consolidated or damaged media is often very small and might easily fall within the noise level. Therefore, it is important to determine an excitation amplitude threshold above which nonlinear measurements start to be meaningful. In this paper, we analyze the way this threshold is influenced by some parameters of the experimental configuration, such as the receiver position, and of the data analysis, such as the considered reference amplitude. Furthermore, this contribution shows that extracting absolute values of the nonlinear parameters often requires the a priori knowledge of the resonance structure of the medium.     

A reduced gradient description of stochastic-resonant spatiotemporal patterns in a FitzHugh–Nagumo ring with electric inhibitory coupling

We study the synchronization (sync) properties of a ring of N units with excitable FitzHugh–Nagumo dynamics, when the inhibitor fields of nearest-neighbor units are coupled diffusively (electric coupling). The system is submitted to a common subthreshold adiabatic signal $S(t)$, and independent Gaussian white noises with common variance η. By running numerical integrations with increasing η, we observe the excitation activity to become spatiotemporally self-organized, until η is so strong that spoils sync. By means of a two-cell model and projecting the dynamics along the slow manifolds, we obtain a (signal-dependent) potential landscape which explains qualitatively the sync regime, and whose barrier heights give a good estimate of the optimal noise intensity.     

基于稳健背景子空间的高光谱图像异常检测

在RX算法中,局部背景协方差矩阵估计会由于背景受到异常像元的“污染”而不能准确反映背景分布,从而导致检测性能下降.针对这一问题,提出一种基于稳健背景子空间的异常检测算法.利用空间秩深度度量背景中每个样本相对于整个背景样本分布空间的位置,将“游离”于背景分布空间之外的样本看作是潜在的异常样本,并将其映射到背景分布空间之内.在此基础上,通过估计背景的协方差矩阵,利用主成分分析构造能更精确地刻画背景的子空间,在该子空间进行了基于马氏距离的检测异常.模拟和真实数据验证了该算法的有效性.